التصحيحات والسحب وبيانات القلق

Purpose
The journal is responsible for maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record. When errors, ethical concerns, or integrity issues are identified after publication, the journal will assess the matter carefully and take appropriate editorial action.
Corrections
A correction may be published when an article contains an error that affects understanding, indexing, author information, data presentation, or interpretation, but does not invalidate the main findings or conclusions of the work.
Retractions
A retraction may be published when findings are unreliable due to misconduct or honest error, or when the article involves plagiarism, duplicate publication, unethical research, fabricated data, falsified analysis, serious image manipulation, or other major research integrity concerns.
Expressions of Concern
An expression of concern may be published when serious concerns exist but the investigation remains incomplete, inconclusive, delayed, or dependent on external institutions or authorities.
Process
  1. Receive a concern from a reader, author, reviewer, editor, institution, indexing service, or publisher.
  2. Assess the concern and preserve all relevant records and documentation.
  3. Contact the authors for clarification or response when appropriate.
  4. Consult the Editor-in-Chief, publisher ethics lead, and external guidance when needed.
  5. Publish a correction, retraction, expression of concern, or no-action decision with a clear explanation of the outcome.